Laporan Perjalanan ke Australia Beberapa informasi penting untuk menunjang laporan ini dapat di ambil secara cuma-cuma dari: www.uow.edu.au/commerce/apec/ www.nitc.go.th www.dfat.gov.au/apec/ecom Silakan rekan-rekan media untuk menyadur laporan perjalanan ini di sesuaikan dengan pembaca masing-masing media. Mohon maaf jika agak belepotan menulisnya karena ini di tulis tidak sekaligus melainkan di angsur di pesawat, di hotel dll. Sebagian lagi berbahasa inggris karena saya langsung catat sambil mendengarkan ceramah tidak sempat mikir untuk menterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia ... Saya berada di Australia dari tanggal 1-3 October 1998 di sponsori oleh APEC HURDIT (Human Resource Development in Information Technology) yang mempunyai contact person di Indonesia Prof. Dr. Sri Hardjoko, jurusan teknik mesin ITB yang memberikan approval bagi saya untuk berangkat. Sedang program manager APEC HURDIT adalah Matt Ngui (matt_ngui@uow.edu.au) dari University of Wollongong, Australia. Perjalanan ini saya bersama rekan saya Ir. Endy Prijatno (endy@telkom.co.id) dari Divisi Multimedia PT. Telkom. Pak Endy ini yang antara lain mengembangkan berbagai jasa di Divisi Multimedia PT. Telkom, seperti Electronic Commerce. Di Australia saya berpartisipasi dalam APEC HURDIT Workshop on Emerging Issues in Electronic Commerce yang di selenggarakan di University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. Workshop tersebut di hadiri oleh pimpinan di bidang E-Commerce dari Ameria Serikat, Cina, Singapore, Philippines, Thailand, Australia, Canada. Workshop ini merupakan bagian dari usaha APEC untuk mengembangkan Electronic Commerce di negara-negara APEC. Strategi yang digunakan sangat menarik karena menggunakan pola transfer teknologi E-Commerce melalui aktifitas pendidikan; dapat diharapkan bahwa nantinya kemungkinan akan ada ahli-ahli di negara APEC yang siap untuk mengadopsi teknologi E-Commerce sehingga memudahkan terbentuknya jaringan E-Commerce. Kita di Indonesia cukup beruntung dengan keberadaan jaringan pendidikan AI3 Indonesia yang mengkaitan 25+ lembaga pendidikan menjadi menarik bagi usaha penyebar luasan teknologi E-Commerce ini; bahkan mungkin ujicoba teknologi di lapangan menggunakan infrastruktur Internet dunia pendidikan AI3 Indonesia untuk melakukan koordinasi, transfer ilmu & teknologi maupun implementasi / ujicoba teknologi terakhir untuk E-Commerce. Bagi kita di Indonesia, kemungkinan E-Commerce dapat memberikan alternatif yang menarik bagi rakyat kecil & masyarakat pedesaan jika digunakan sebaik-baiknya. Bayangkan dengan Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) kita dapat mendekatkan para petani / nelayan dengan pasar karena transaksi dapat langsung dilakukan.secara langsung. Dengan proses pendekatan jarak supply-demand ini, kemungkinan kita dapat dengan mudah menaikan harga komodity dari petani sehingga memberikan insentif lebih bagi petani untuk berkarya. Tentunya kita perlu menyisipkan rekan-rekan LSM / Yayasan / Koperasi yang dapat melakukan fungi interfacing antara dunia Internet dengan dunia petani. Tentunya masih banyak aplikasi E-Commerce khususnya untuk transaksi bisnis-to-bisnis yang ternyata menguasai paling tidak 80% dari transaksi dagang di Internet. Web publishing & transaksi bisnis-to-customer hanya menguasai sedikit sekali (sekitar 20%) dari transaksi bisnis yang ada. Oleh karena itu, kita perlu memfokuskan diri pada E-Commerce khususnya untuk mengakomodasi transaksi bisnis-to-bisnis yang sangat cepat. Tentunya keberhasilan E-Commerce tidak lepas dari perlunya adanya perubahan-perubahan dalam regulasi perdagangan yang ada saat ini untuk memungkinkan proses otomatisasi & transaksi elektronis yang banyak menggeser paradigma yang umumnya dipegang saat ini. Beberapa hasil pembicaraan tentang kemungkinan kerjasama kami lakukan antara lain:: + Kesepakatan untuk mencoba membuat platform / media untuk diskusi diantara para pelaksana / palyer yang mungkin dapat berkaitan dengan E-Commerce. media diskusi akan dicoba untuk di inisiasi menggunakan mailing list Internet kemungkinan besar akan mulai dengan menggunakan fasilitas server yang ada di ITB. Kemungkinini telah mulai saa follow-up dibantu oleh rekan-rekan dari Computer Network Research Group CNRG ITB. + Untuk tingkat yang lebih operasional, kebetulan sekali dengan dimotori rekan-rekan dari Pusat Teknologi Tepat Guna PUSTENA Masjid Salman ITB telah mencoba membangun kerjasama antara masyarakat khususnya dengan pesantren & mandrasah di sekitar bandung (Garut, Pangalengan dll). Kebutuhan masyarakat pedesaan ini terutama di fokuskan bidang pertanian & perikanan. Kerjasama ini telah terjalin menggunakan mailing list wong-cilik@isnet.itb.ac.id ... mudah-mudahan kami berharap platform yang sudah mulai jalan ini akan dapat mi akan dapat berinteraksi langsung dengan platform diskusi E-Commece pada tingkat APEC yang sedang diusahakan untuk di aktifkan agar para pemain bidang pertanian, perikanan dapat berinteraksi satu dengan lain pada tingkat APEC agar saling menguntungkan. Kemungkinan ini telah mulai di follow-up oleh rekan-rekan dari jaringan wong-cilik@isnet.itb.ac.id. + Beberapa rekan / institusi khususnya dari Australia sangat tertarik untuk melakukan kerjasama khususnya bidang pendidikan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Internet untuk membantu dunia usaha (misalnya E-Commerce). Institusi tersebut antara lain adalah Australia Network of Practice Firms & Australia Research Institute for Asia & The Pacific yang tentunya juga akan di bantu oleh rekan-rekan dari APEC. Follow-up tentang hal ini telah mulai dilakukan melalui E-mail oleh rekan rekan dari jaringan internet pendidikan AI3 Indonesia. Di samping itu, pada kesempatan yang sama beberapa pakar memberikan maskan tentang E-Commerce khususnya dari Australia di tampilkan.Materi lengkapnya bisa di download dari http://www.uow.edu.au/apec/ecommerce atau jika ada masalah silahkan hubungi matt_ngui@uow.edu.au. Pada kesempatan ini tidak semua presentasi saya catat, terutama yang terbaik yang saya catat: ---------------------------------------------------- Hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh APEC Human Resource Development on Information Technology dengan profile respondent sebagai berikut Respondent Profile Public policy 24% Business strategy 38% E Commerce application 36% User 22% Prioritas Issue yang harus di handle sebelum pengguna percaya akan service E-Commrce berurutan dari yang tertinggi:: Security & Privacy Issue Internet Programming & EC Application Development EC Architecture Infrastructure: Internet & WWW Agent-based Systems Legal & Taxation Issues Masalah utama mengapa implementasi E-Commrce menjadi tehambat: Inadequate awareness among business & public policy of potential of EC Lack of reliable telecommunication infrastructure Uncertainty regarding the benefit of EC Secirity concerns Beberapa masalah lain yang menyebabkan E-Commerce kurang / belum berkembang: Inadequate budget, concerns about market size Economic recession Lack of tried and tested standards Legal issues (e.g. program in authentication etc). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Emerging Issues of E-Commerce in AP. Mr. Tom Dale, General Manager (International), National Office of Information Economy, Sydney Good news - EC is happening & will continue to grow - International co-operation is happening & will continue (multilateral co-operation level) Bad news - EC doesn't fit neatly into policy "box" (it is multidimension problem, perlu kerjasama yang baik antar lembaga) - New approaches is needed at public policy level - Awareness raising is harder than passing law, but just as important - No-one can see too far ahead (very uncertain issues, difficult for government good opportunities for business). Dari sudut pandang industri secara umum adalah sbb: jangka pendek: government fear, industry greed & society loathing jangka panjang: good Internet: sebagai infrastruktur utama E-Commerce di gambarkan sbb: tidak ada jaminan reliabilitas di etimasikan tahun 2002 US akan menguasai 40% world internet users Tahun 2002 US market = $268 billion 63% world market Tahun 2002 Europe US$ 55 billion EU fokus pada integrasi smartcard & Internet EU single currency: upgrading financial systems (more internet shopping per capita in the netherland as compared to US) Tahun 2002 kegiatan internet di Asia Pacific countries akan naik 200% APEC EC task force working group projects, eg custom, Y2K policy vision report to APEC leaders OECD ministerial conference Ottawa Conferece next week the agenda & lessions so far who are the players & how they interact what are the key policy issues The OECD, APEC & WTO. Ottawa Issues: agrred Issues; taxation privacy (privacy protection over global network) authentication consumer protection conference conclusions role of government self-regulation (US) vs. legislation (EU) business-to-consumer (retail EC) vs. business-to-business (main game in EC) key international bodies Taxation & the Internet New opportunities to improve taxpayer services eg lower compliance costs technology neutrality & non-discrimination certain, simple & fair international tax agreement & co-operation Privacy on global network legislation (EU) self-regulation: US Authentication partially legal issue, partly commercial non-discrimination between electronic & other transaction chiose of authentication technology Consumer protection consumer confidence is needed for EC to grow combating cross border fraudulent Private sector leadership commercial investment & growth technology & sevice innovation more efficient distribution & supply chain Government role policy making industry groups self-regulations - codes & practice & how to enforce them - accountability - making it work internationally APEC, OECD, WTO the key organization APEC practical projects as well as policy OECD greater analytical resources APEC / OECD co-operation is logical (but very hard) WTO - EC work program is still evolving Wgere are we going? greater productivity awareness raising in AP is essential more opportunities than threats ... references www.noie.gov.au www.dfat.gov.au/apec/ecom www.oecd.org www.wto.org www.thestandard.net ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- EC Initiatives i APEC Forum Ms. Leith Felton-Taylor, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, APEC Branch, Canberra APEC has been doing EC for sometime & major EC task force individual structure report to senior report meeting work with APEC Committee on Trade & Investment EC work program telecommunication working group transportation working group sub-committee on custom procedures (EDI - in April) IPR expert group HRD working group SME policy issue WG APEC leader EC take account of the work of other international organization recognize the leading role of business prmote a predictable and consistent legal & regulatory framwoerk APEC EC task force temporary body strategic plan of EC & developing a forward work program 2 stage work program - information exchange and increasuing understand - capacity building (developing forward program) 4 meetings, 2 with business presentation Five themes of the task force access to info infrastructure trust information systems & electronic transaction EC promotion & facilitation international regulatory environment government & business section relationships Access to info infrastructure acess to telecom pricing policy available bandwidth interconnectivity & interoperatibility proposals for APEC multimeda & virtual resource centers economic & technical cooperations Trust in Info systems creatuing certainty & security legal status policy vs technical approaches complementary domestic s international framewor consumer protection EC promot=ion & facilitation paperles systems customs & transport groups in APEC attitude changes! (cultura;) proposals paperless trading in APEX by 2005? cooperation on Y2K International regulatory environment Issues synergy betweebn domestic polices & evoluton of EC norms trends towards soft norm rather than tightly defined rules coordination between various international players Government & Business working together to engender trust and confidence avoind cross-border disputes issues such as balance of regulation wirh flexibiklit creating new norms What we deliver to leaders APEC vision statement on EC guiding themes future work program specific recommendatrion background report: EC blueprint key pouints fro meetings case stidies, partivculary SMEs & gove specific projects, including capacity buildings issues papers APEC vision business taking the lead gov promoting the development of EC (condusive environment, leading by example etc) minimal regulation cooperation to inspire consumer confidence workprogram poloting EC projects capacity bulding virtual multimedia resource center Pilot project in EC Most of them are in telecom working group, helping SME give you contect later custom protocols - why having we got EC in custom? (attitudal change that needed!). ------------------------------------------------------------ Security Issues in EC Prof. Vijay Varadharajan, Univesrity of Western Sydney Network Security Research Group EC generate revenue & cost reduction EC is of interest automatic sales activities cheaper delivery information products potentially greater customer based (virtual stores) EC involves consumers, service providers, financial service providers (needs securities) Doing Business Electroniclly Electronic Commerce Internet Service secure, flexible, efficient, scalable, reliable merging with existing & current systems Secure EC security: secure electronic payment secure provision of information products arbiration of disputes infrastructure resistant to attacks flexibility:: adopt different payment models different level of assurances: accountability, anonymity support for macro & micro payment: covertability between models: interoperability efficiency of payments frequent payments of small amounts per transaction cost smalll reliability availability of billing infrastructure servers of providers avoid bottlenecks & single point of failure scalability multiple financial services cooperation between multiple servers non-interfering & user friendly allow user to control allow user to monitor spending avoid constant interference of users requesting payment integration payment system -> integrating to exsting financial structure enterprise integration organisation policy > payment authorization applications _> adapted to use payment systems Choices of payment systems: Multiple form of payment Electronic Money Issues forgery, copy, loss, transferability, anonymity, divisibility, micro & macro payments Type of services review on-line, pay on-line, deliver on-line review on-line, pay on-line,, physical delivery tome over which the service is provided (e.g. video on demand) Security risks in EC dishonest service providers dishonest financial service providers stolen payment credentials inappropriate use of transcation details disputes Service providers problem consumer don't have the fund actual request is forged or copuied dishoinest financial service unauhtorized redistribution of purchase (copyright problem) financial service providers perspective dispute charges stolen consumer payment credentials dishonest service providers dishonest consumers Security Technologies which risk you can economically counter (that's the idea!). Authentication user authentication public key certification digital signature trusted authority (certification authority) Authorization check for sufficient funds online (more efficient, more rosk) trust authority Transaction Auditing Secure Communicatipns secure control securing payment prootocols Secure Mechanism encryptions performance secure Storage security credential (smartcard) electronic money (e-wallet) Electronic Payment Scheme financial systems financial service providers Five different Scheme Use traditional credit card use existing customer base example secure socket layer (SSL) SHTTP credit-debit scheme customer register and receive security password & keys transaction cleared through the financial service providers examples (SET, Cybercash & First Virtual) electronic cash user withdaraw casg from cash server cash is presented to servce prvider to purchase service providers deposits casg at cash servers exampes digicash, netcash mondex issues tamper resistant hardware anonymity double spending detections (after the actions) service provider paymnent tokens spendable with individual mechants token verification infrastructure example: payword third party collector merchant request a third party to collect consumer get receipts example technology: open market EC political challenges how is electronic money to be regulated? protection of personal provacy? law enforcement policy & mechanisms how is we going to attack tax? certification authority can be public or private US model using private sector as certification authority authentication server basically structured certification authority CA (Certified Authority)